Monday, September 2, 2013

Use the Internet to Practise Your English

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     Internet is a major tool for international communication. On the internet, massage are transferred around the world in second. This is global communication requiring a global language: English, Many people use internet for chatting or conversation. The internet's International Relay Chat service has conversation covering sport, education, art, computer, international politic, and much more. Join one of these and your will soon be having a "live to air" dialogue with 10 people from 10 different nations. To "speak" you must type in your comments, in English. Obviously, the. IRC is a good way to develop your English language skills.

       But internet has more that just IRC. Most people use internet to publish and find information. Often this is through the World Wide Web (www) The Kang Guru team uses internet's www tos find information from around the world for it's programme and magazine. The Indonesian government publishes the information in English through www. www information is thousand computers around the world and it easier transferred via satellite and telephone to home computers in Indonesia at local telephone rates. Generally the information is in English. Naturally, then the more you use the World Wide Web, the more you will improve your English reading skills.

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Tuesday, August 20, 2013

Medical Equipment and First Aid

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No one wants to be sick; it means that everybody expects to be in good health. Sometimes germs that cause disease enter the body unknown; they need a long time to go away. We cannot avoid being sick and it can happen to anyone. In this case, we should "have an umbrella before it rains". This means that we should have first aid before getting medical treatment from a doc­ tor. It may lessen the pain and prevent the germs from spreading and getting worse.

However, some people still use simple equipment. For instance, they heat a needle then they use it to remove infections; they use a smoke-filled glass to recover from stomachache; they touch their forehead to know the temperature of their body, etc. They do this because they do not have medical equipment in their house.

It is important to have medical equipment at home. It can be used by the family to give first aid to the sick. The medical equipment includes thermometer, rubber compress, scissors, tweezers, pipette, flash light, bandages, plasters, etc. A thermometer is used to know the body temperature.

On the other hand, every family should also have some medicines such as aspirin, iodine, eyedrops, and so on. These medicines sometimes seem enough for first aid. However, it is not complete without medical equipment. For example besides needing iodine for cleaning a cut, we also need bandages or plasters to cover it. Both medicine and medical equipment are necessary for first aid.

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Labuhan Sesaji, Traditional Ceremonies

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     Labuhan Sesaji is held once a year. The people throw offerings to the sea to please the goddess of the South -Sea, Kanjeng Ratu Kidul. The people do it to celebrate the King of Yogyakarta's Coronation Day.

     This traditional ceremony is carried out at three places. The places are Parang Kusuma, Mount Lawu and Mount Merapi. On the last day of the ceremony at Parang Kusuma, the people leave to climb Mount Merapi and Mount Lawu to have a ceremony there.

    Tradition means beliefs or customs passing from one generation to the next. Labuhan has existed for a long time. It first happened after Raden Suto Wijoyo, the King of the Mataram Kingdom, sided with Kanjeng Ratu Kidul, the evil queen who lived in the South Sea.

    They met when Panembahan Senopati lived as a hermit at Parang Kusumo Beach. Suddenly, a beautiful girl came. She was the Evil Queen of the South Sea, Kanjeng Ratu Kidul. A handsome boy met a beautiful girl. What happened? They loved each other forever.

     In celebrating Labuhan, the people wear traditional costumes. Men wear a 'destar' hat and coat with closed collar, jas tutup'. He also carries a "keris"-a traditional weapon of the people from Yogyakarta. The woman wears a long blouse worn over the kain or skirt. The costumes are batik-both man and woman wear the same colourful batik.

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Saturday, July 13, 2013

Steps to Write a Good Paper

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1.    Choose the topic of your paper
Choose a topic you are interested in and you
have  adequate  information  of.  The  more  you
know about the topic you choose, the better.

2.    Identify the information sources
There   are   many   reference   sources   available
now.  They  are  encyclopedias,  books,  journals,
magazines and newspaper. Find the sources in
printed  form  from  CD-ROMS  programmes  or
from the Internet.

3.    Create an outline
Provide an outline for your paper by organizing
the information from the sources you have into
topics, subtopics, details, and sub details. Use
such as organization, such as:
I. (topic)
     A. (subtopic)
            1.  (detail)
                 a.  (sub detail)

4.    Write a rough draft
Write a rough draft of your paper using your
outline. Use numbered footnotes to acknowledge
sources from which you take quotations or major
ideas.

5.    Revise the Rough Draft
Make  any  changes  to  assure  that  your  ideas
are  clearly  conveyed.  Be  sure  that  you  have
written the paper using spelling and grammar
accurately.

6.    Preparing Bibliography
Make  a  list  of  all  sources  you  have  used  in
gathering   information   for   the   paper.   The
bibliography cards will help you in providing
the list of the sources.

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Rainforests as Economic Reserves

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We discovered previously that rainforests are essential to our life on Earth. They also provide a rich variety of economic resources that are used all over the world. This presents countries with a serious dilemma. Rainforests are used for a number of economic purposes, ranging from agricultural to urban and industrial use. The dilemma facing many rainforest-rich countries, including Australia, is that, as these economic demands grow, the planet's rainforests are placed under increasing threat of destruction. The economic resources provided by the world's rainforests are enormous. Here are just some of the more important ones. Foods

Nearly 50 per cent of the world's food supplies originate in rainforest areas. Items that we commonly buy from the supermarket, such as bananas, pineapples,   mangoes,   peanuts,  macadamia nuts and cashews, all originated in rainforests. Many popular foods like rice, corn and maize also come from the rainforests, as do tea, coffee, cocoa and sugar.

Recreation
Rainforests are becoming increasingly popular places for people to visit because they are seen as areas of wilderness and natural beauty. People take part in activities such as fishing, bush-walking, rock climbing and four-wheel driving. The overuse of rainforests for tourist activities has led governments to pass laws restricting activities in these forests. The Daintree region in northern Queensland is one area where the government has passed laws regulating rainforest activities.

Medicines and drugs
Many medicines and drugs sold by the local pharmacist come from plants that grow in rainforests. For example, medicines used for travel sickness, headaches, stomach upsets, skin diseases and leukaemia all come from the rainforests. In fact, nearly 40 per cent of all medicines sold in chemists, originate from rainforests.

Industrial and building products
Rainforests provide many products used by the community for urban development. These include timber converted into building materials for house framing, furniture, fencing, panel products and flooring. Rainforests also supply wood chips used in making cardboard, toilet tissue and the pulp used for some papers. 

Many industrial products also originate from the rainforests. Spices, rubber, oils, waxes, dyes and gums are just some examples. Even everyday products such as toothpaste, cosmetics, tyres, paints and deodorants are produced from plants growing in rainforest areas.

Sustainable development
Scientists believe that over 200,000 square kilometres of rainforest are being destroyed each year for economic purposes. Most people would acknowledge the economic importance of the world's rainforests. However, there needs to be a balance between the way we are currently using our rainforests and the future availability of these resources. This is now commonly being referred to as ecologically sustainable development.

For example, conservationists, governments and industry groups believe that timber should be harvested from forests in a sustainable way. This should be done without permanently damaging the home of other plants and animals, the soil or rivers and creeks. This is a very complex task. It involves ensuring trees that are removed from the forest which are replaced by seedlings that will form part of the new forest.

To conclude, since the rainforests are very crucial to support many aspects of our life, it is our duty to preserve them.

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Komodo Dragon

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       Komodo dragon is a member of the monitor family, Varanidae. It is the world's largest living lizards. It grows to be 10 feet (3 meters) long and weighs up to 126 kg and belong to the most ancient group of lizards still alive.

        It is found mainly in the island of Komodo and on other small islands, Rinca, Padar, and Flores. The natives call the dragon, ora, or buaya darat (land crocodile).

          Komodo dragon has a long heavy tail, short, strong legs, and rough skin. It is covered with small dull, colored scales. It can sprint at up 18 km per hours, but only for short distances. When it opens its wide red moth, it shows row of teeth like the edge of a saw.

           Komodo dragons are good simmers and may swim the long distance from one island to another. Like other lizards, they swim by undulating their tails, and their legs held against their body.

           Komodo dragon is totally carnivorous. It hunts other animals during the day.
It hunts deer, wild pigs, water buffaloes, and even horses. While smaller komodos have to be content with eggs, other lizards, snakes and rodents. Komodo dragons are cannibals. The adult will prey on the young one as well as the old and sick dragons.

           Lizard digs a cave with its strong claws in the cave at night.

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Sunday, June 30, 2013

Hal Yang Dapat Meningkatkan Kemampuan Mendengar

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Menjadi pendengar yang terlibat merupakan keterampilan komunikasi yang sangat penting untuk dimiliki. 
Coba dibayangkan jika seandainya anda berbicara didepan orang atau teman-teman anda, tetapi tak ada satu pun yang mendengarkan, Bagaimana perasaan anda dengan hal itu. Jadilah pendengar yang baik, maka anda akan mengerti cara bicara yang baik.
Setiap orang memiliki kemampuan tersendiri dalam meningkatkan tekhnik pendengaran mereka. Tetapi dengan cara baru mungkin ini adalah jalan yang berbeda. Jalan yang sudah pernah membuat orang sukses dalam mendengarkan sebelumnya.

Berikut ini merupakan kegiatan-kegiatan yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mendengar :
1. Dengar baik-baik setiap orang orang yang anda temui dalam sehari
Coba pilih salah satu orang teman yang berhubungan baik, berkomitmenlah untuk mendengarkan apa yang dia bicarakan setiap bertemu dan berbicara. Kemudian lihat bagaimana cara anda mendengar, apakah sudah mengamati verbal, petunjuk vokal dan visual.
Setelah kegiatan tersebut menjadikan kebiasaan, maka kemampuan komunikasi mendengar anda menjadi lebih baik. Kemudian lanjutkanlah untuk melakukan tekhnik mendengar ini secara berturut-turut. Tidak hanya pada satu orang saja, tetapi cobalah kepada kenalan yang lain. Pekerjaan semacam ini memang tidak menghasilkan uang untuk anda, tetapi percayalah ini sangat berharga. Terutama karena anda telah menghargai orang lain yang sedang bebicara.

2. Menciptakan suasana mendengarkan yang terbuka
Poin yang ini mengajarkan diri kita untuk senantiasa terbuka dalam mendengarkan orang lain bicara, siapapun mereka coba lah rendahkan hati.

3. Tingkatkan kesabaran anda
Bersabarlah ketika seseorang sedang berbicara. Banyak orang cenderung mulai berbicara sebelum seseorang selesai berbicara. Kesabaran adalah kunci yang efektif dalam mendengarkan. Biarkan orang menyelesaikan pembicaraanya terlebih dahulu sebelum anda mulai bereaksi terhadap hal itu. Berbicara secara spontan tanpa mengetahui duduk perkara yang jelas juga dapat mengakibatkan kesalahpahaman. Hal ini tidak selalu mudah untuk menunggu sampai lawan bicara menyelesaikan kalimatnya; terutama dalam beberapa kasus atau pembicaraan yang provokatif.

4. Jaga keseimbangan
Untuk mengembangkan kemampuan mendengarkan, anda harus dapat menjaga keseimbangan antara persoalan pribadi yang anda hadapi dan memperhatikan lawan bicara anda. Menjaga keseimbangan ini membantu dalam mengembangkan hubungan yang kuat antara anda dan lawan bicara anda.

5. Memberikan umpan balik dan dengarkan secara aktif

6. Jika pembicara memang membosankan fokuslah pada isi pembicaraan

7. Tetap mengikuti bahan percakapan si pembicara.
Jangan mengganti bahan percakapan yang sedang dikemukakan orang lain sebelum dia selesai, tidak peduli apakah kita tidak sabar ingin memulai bahan percakapan baru.

8. Buatlah kesimpulan atas apa yang menjadi inti pembicaraan

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Surat Keterangan Tidak Menuntut Hasil Seleksi Beasiswa

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Berikut ini adalah Surat Keterangan Tidak Menuntut Hasil Seleksi Beasiswa Pemerintah Provinsi Riau format doc ms word.
Silakan download filenya dibawah ini :


Link 1 : Surat Keterangan Tidak Menuntut Hasil Seleksi Beasiswa Gubernur Riau.doc
Link 2 : Surat Keterangan Tidak Menuntut Hasil Seleksi Beasiswa Gubernur Riau.doc

Jika linknya sudah diklik, tunggu 5 detik kemudian klik "SKIP AD" pada sudut kanan atas
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Contoh - Surat Permohonan Beasiswa Gubernur Riau

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Surat Permohonan Beasiswa Gubernur Riau ini  disimpan dalam format doc microsoft word
silakan download filenya dibawah ini


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Sunday, June 23, 2013

Keanekaragaman hayati Indonesia berdasarkan ekosistem perairannya

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Macam-macam lingkungan perairan (akuatik) akan membentuk ekosistem antara lain, ekosistem air tawar dan ekosistem air laut.

a. Ekosistem air tawar
Mempunyai ciri-ciri salinitas atau kadar garam rendah, variasi suhu rendah, penetrasi atau paparan cahaya matahari kurang, adanya aliran air (ekosistem sungai), dan dipengaruhi oleh iklim serta cuaca.
Berdasarkan intensitas cahaya yang diterima maka habitat ekosistem air tawar dapat dibagi menjadi 3 zona, yaitu sebagai berikut.
1) Litoral adalah daerah dengan intensitas cahaya matahari yang mencapai dasar.
2) Limnetik adalah daerah terbuka yang intensitas cahaya mataharinya dapat mencapai dasar.
3) Profundal adalah daerah dasar yang dalam sehingga cahaya matahari tidak dapat mencapainya.

Organisme yang hidup di daerah ekosistem air tawar memiliki karakteristik tertentu, seperti tumbuhan rendah bersel satu mempunyai dinding sel yang kuat, sedang tumbuhan tingkat tinggi mempunyai akar sulur untuk melekat pada bagian dasar perairan, misalkan teratai, kangkung, ganggang biru dan ganggang hijau. Sedangkan, karakteristik hewannya memiliki ciri-ciri mengeluarkan air berlebih, garam diabsorpsi (diserap) melalui insang secara aktif dan sedikit minum, air masuk dalam tubuh secara osmosis.

b. Ekosistem air laut
Adanya hempasan gelombang air laut maka di daerah pasang surut yang merupakan perbatasan darat dan laut terbentuk gundukan pasir, dan jika menuju ke darat terdapat hutan pantai yang terbagi menjadi beberapa wilayah, yaitu sebagai berikut.
1)    Formasi pescaprae, didominasi tumbuhan Vigna, Spinifex litorus,Ipomoea pescaprae, Pandanus tectorius.
2) Formasi baringtonia, tumbuhan yang khas, misalkan Hibiscus tilliaceus, Terminalia catapa, Erythrina sp.
3) Hutan bakau, tumbuhan yang khas adalah Rhizopora (bakau), dan Acanthus.

Ciri-ciri lingkungan ekosistem air laut adalah sebagai berikut.
1) Salinitas tinggi terutama di daerah tropis, sedangkan di daerah dingin cukup rendah.
2)    Ekosistem laut tidak dipengaruhi oleh iklim dan cuaca.
3)    Arus laut yang selalu berputar timbul karena perbedaan temperatur dan perputaran bumi.
4)    Di daerah tropis, seperti di Indonesia, air permukaan laut mempunyai suhu lebih tinggi dengan suhu air di bagian bawahnya sehingga air permukaan tidak dapat bercampur dengan air di lapisan bawah. Batas antara lapisan tersebut dinamakan batas termoklin.
Secara fisik habitat air laut terbagi atas 4 zona, sebagai berikut.
1)    Litoral, yaitu yang berbatasan dengan darat.
2)    Netrik, yaitu kedalaman sampai 200 meter.
3)    Batial, yaitu kedalaman 200 meter hingga 2000 meter.
4)    Abisal, yaitu kedalaman 2000 meter lebih.

Organisme yang hidup di daerah ekosistem air laut memiliki karakteristik tertentu, seperti hewan dan tumbuhan tingkat rendah memiliki tekanan osmosis sel kira- kira sama dengan tekanan osmo- sis air laut maka itu adaptasinya tidak terlalu sulit. Sedangkan, hewan bersel banyak, misalnya ikan, cara adaptasi yang dilakukan dengan cara melakukan banyak minum, sedikit mengeluarkan urin, penge- luaran air dilakukan secara osmosis, sedangkan garam mineral dikeluarkan secara aktif melalui insang.


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Keanekaragaman hayati Indonesia berdasarkan penyebarannya (Biogeografi)

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Biogeografi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari penyebaran makhluk hidup tertentu pada lingkungan tertentu di bumi. Indonesia merupakan negara yang amat kaya dengan flora dan fauna yang tersebar di seluruh kepulauannya. Persebaran makhluk hidup yang berbeda ini dapat ditentukan oleh geografis, seperti ketinggian, garis lintang, dan keadaan iklim, misalnya curah hujan, suhu, dan radiasi cahaya. Berdasarkan fauna dan floranya, biogeografi dapat dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu persebaran hewan dan persebaran tumbuhan.

a. Penyebaran hewan (zoogeografi)

Penyebaran hewan di bumi menurut Alfred Russell Wallace dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 6 daerah, yaitu sebagai berikut.
1)    Paleartik meliputi daerah Asia Utara dan Eropa, hewan yang khas adalah beruang eropa, bison dan rusa kutub.
2) Ethiopia meliputi daerah Afrika, Arab, Madagaskar, hewan yang khas, seperti zebra, jerapah, gajah, dan gorila.
3)    Oriental meliputi daerah Asia Selatan dan Indonesia bagian barat, hewan yang khas adalah harimau, gajah, tapir, dan kerbau.
4) Australia meliputi daerah Australia, New Zealand dan Indonesia bagian timur. Hewan yang khas meliputi hewan yang berkantung, seperti kanguru.
5)    Neortik meliputi daerah Amerika Utara, hewan yang khas meliputi, binatang pengerat besar, yaitu berang-berang.
6) Neotropik meliputi daerah Amerika Tengah dan Amerika Selatan, hewan yang khas meliputi kera dan tapir.

Letak Indonesia termasuk dalam 2 daerah zoogeografi, yaitu oriental dan Australia. Yang termasuk daerah zoogeografi oriental adalah bagian barat Indonesia, sedangkan bagian timur termasuk daerah zoogeografi Australia. Menurut sejarahnya, Indonesia bagian barat menyatu dengan benua Asia dan Indonesia timur menyatu dengan benua Australia. Sehingga tidak mengherankan jika jenis hewan dan tumbuhan yang ada di Indonesia barat mirip dengan hewan dan tumbuhan di Asia Tenggara atau oriental. Jenis hewan dan tumbuhan di Indonesia timur mirip dengan hewan dan tumbuhan yang berada di daerah biografi benua Australia.

b. Persebaran tumbuhan
Tumbuhan yang menutupi suatu daerah tertentu disebut vegetasi. Persebaran tumbuhan ditentukan oleh faktor geologis, geografis (seperti ketinggian dan garis lintang) dan curah hujan. Semakin tinggi suatu tempat dari permukaan laut dan letaknya semakin jauh dari garis lintang, di tempat tersebut suhunya semakin menurun. Setiap kenaikan ketinggian 100 meter dari permukaan laut dan kenaikan garis lintang maka sebesar 10 suhu daerah tersebut akan turun 50C.

Macam-macam vegetasi dan ciri-cirinya sebagai berikut.
1) Tundra, memiliki ciri-ciri vegetasi rumput dan lumut kerak (Lichenes) dan terdapat pada daerah Skandinavia, Rusia, Siberia dan Kanada.
2)    Taiga, memiliki ciri-ciri vegetasi hutan hujan jarum (konifer)
dan terdapat pada daerah Skandinavia, Alaska, Kanada dan
Siberia.
3) Hutan meranggas (4 musim), memiliki ciri-ciri vegetasi hutan yang hijau pada musim panas dan menggugurkan daunnya pada musim dingin. Terdapat pada daerah iklim sedang, seperti Eropa, sebagian Asia dan Amerika.
4)    Padang rumput, memiliki ciri-ciri vegetasi tanpa pohon,
tumbuhan berupa rumput (Graminae). Terdapat pada daerah
Hongaria, Amerika Utara, Argentina dan Rusia Selatan.
5) Vegetasi gurun, memiliki ciri-ciri vegetasi dengan jumlah pohon sangat sedikit yang tumbuh adalah jenis tumbuhan tahan kering (xerofit), berbunga dan berbuah dalam waktu pendek (efermer). Terdapat pada daerah gurun Gobi (RRC), gurun Sahara (Afrika Utara), gurun Kalahari (Afrika Selatan)
6)    Sabana, memiliki ciri-ciri vegetasi padang rumput dan
pepohonan. Terdapat pada daerah Asia, Australia dan In- donesia.
7)    Hutan hujan tropis, memiliki ciri-ciri vegetasi tumbuhan hijau
sepanjang tahun, pohon- pohon tinggi, jenisnya sangat banyak, terdapat tumbuhan yang menempel (epifit) dan tumbuhan yang memanjat pohon lain (liana). Terdapat pada daerah Asia, Afrika, Indonesia, dan Amerika Selatan.
8) Hutan bakau, memiliki ciri-ciri vegetasi yang memiliki akar nafas karena tanah dan airnya miskin oksigen, contohnya Pohon Bakau (Rhizipora), kayu api (Avicinea) dan Sonneratia/jenis tumbuhan tahan kering (xerofit). Terdapat di daerah tropik dan subtropik pada zona pasang surut di tempat landai pada pantai.
9) Hutan lumut, memiliki ciri-ciri vegetasi tumbuhan lumut dan terdapat di daerah pegunungan.
Semua suku tumbuhan terwakili dengan baik di Indonesia. Karena pengetahuan tentang tumbuhan masih terbatas maka belum semuanya dapat dipelajari. Oleh karena itu, masih banyak jenis baru yang menunggu untuk dipelajari.

Perkiraan jumlah lumut yang ditemukan di Indonesia sekitar 4.250 sampai 12.000 jenis dari 47.000 jenis yang ada di dunia. Tumbuhan lumut ditemukan hampir 3.000 jenis dari 15.000 jenis lumut yang ada di dunia. Sedangkan, tumbuhan paku-pakuan mencapai 4.000 jenis mewakili seperempat jumlah paku-pakuan yang ada di dunia. Kelompok terbesar terdiri dari tumbuhan berbiji dengan 20.000 jenis, mewakili 8% jumlah yang ada di dunia.

Sebaran jenis tumbuhan di Indonesia sangat heterogen. Daerah terkaya adalah daerah hutan hujan primer dataran rendah Kalimantan yang terdiri atas 10.000 jenis tumbuhan berbiji yang 34%-nya merupakan jenis yang endemik.

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Keanekaragaman hayati Indonesia berdasarkan karakteristik wilayahnya

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        Secara Astronomis, Indonesia terletak pada 60  LU - 110  LS dan 950  BT - 1410  BT. Artinya, Indonesia terletak di daerah iklim tropis karena terdapat di antara 23½0 LU dan 23½0 LS, ciri-ciri daerah tropis antara lain memiliki temperatur udara cukup tinggi, yaitu 26 0C - 28 0C, curah hujan pun cukup tinggi, yaitu 700 - 7.000 mm/tahun dan tanahnya subur karena proses pelapukan batuan cukup cepat. Untuk kekayaan hewan, Indonesia memiliki jumlah keragaman yang tinggi dibandingkan negara-negara lain.

           Hewan mamalia menduduki peringkat pertama di dunia hampir mencapai 515 jenis, 125 jenis diantaranya endemik, artinya tidak diketemukan di daerah lain. Peringkat kedua diduduki oleh kupu-kupu meliputi 151 jenis. Reptil menduduki peringkat tiga dunia, lebih dari 600 jenis. Sedangkan, burung menduduki peringkat keempat yang mencapai 1519 jenis dan 420 jenis bersifat endemik. Peringkat kelima diduduki oleh amfibi meliputi hampir 270 jenis.

Macam-macam tumbuhan khas dan endemik di Indonesia antara lain sebagai berikut.

a.    Kayu ramin (Gonystylus bancanus) terdapat di pulau Sumatera, Kalimantan dan Maluku.
b.    Kayu besi (Euziderozylon zwageri) terdapat di Jambi, Pulau Sumatra.
c.    (Rafflesia arnoldii) terdapat di pulau Jawa, Sumatera dan Kalimantan.
d.    Matoa (Pometia pinnata) terdapat di daerah Papua.
e.    Meranti (Shorea sp), Keruwing (Dipterocarpus sp) dan Rotan (Liana sp) banyak terdapat di hutan Pulau Kalimantan.
f.     Durian (Durio zibethinus), Mangga (Mangifera indica), Sukun (Arthocarpus communis) banyak terdapat di hutan pulau Jawa, Sumatera, Kalimantan dan Sulawesi.
g.    Kayu Cendana banyak tumbuh di Nusa Tenggara.
h.    Sawo kecik (Manilkara kauki) terdapat di pulau Jawa. i.     Kepuh (Sterculia foetida) terdapat di Pulau Jawa.

Macam-macam hewan khas dan endemik di Indonesia antara lain sebagai berikut.

a.    Badak bercula satu (Rhinoceros sondaicus) berada di Ujung Kulon.
b.    Komodo (Varanus komodoensis) di Pulau Komodo.
c.    Burung Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) di Pulau Sulawesi.
d.    Tapir (Tapirus indicus) ada di Pulau Sumatera.
e.    Orang utan (Pongo pygmaeus) di pulau Sumatera dan Kalimantan.
f.     Cendrawasih (Paradisaea minor) dan Kasuari (Casuarius casuarius) di Papua.
g.    Macan Kumbang (Panthera pardus) dan Harimau Sumatera (Panthera tigris sumatrae) ada di Pulau              Jawa dan Sumatera.
h.    Penyu Hijau (Chelonia mydas) ada di pulau Jawa, Bali dan Sulawesi.
i.     Jalak Bali (Leucopsar rothschildi) ada di pulau Bali.
j.     Gajah (Elephas maximus) terdapat di Sumatra dan Kalimantan
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Saturday, June 15, 2013

The Pros and Cons of Video Games

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            Nowadays, the video games industry is developing rapidly, it becomes a multi-billion dollar industry. Video games have become an important part not only in the children’s life but also adults’. Nevertheless, there us an argument whether video games bring good or bad influences on children.

            People who have a pro argument claim that video games give a lot benefits. Playing video games is a good way to kill children’s boredom. It can refresh the children’s mind after a tiring school day. Moreover, they also argue that video games can trigger children to be more creative because the game provide challenging ways to win. In others word, they believe that the video games can actually sharpen a human’s brain.

            Conversely, some people believe that video game makes children lazy. They argue that playing video games is addictive. As a consequence, most the children prefer playing video games to studying. These children find it hard to concentrate on their study because they always think about how to spend more time playing video games. In fact, there are also some children who skip their extracurricular lessons, just because they want to play video games. In addition, most of video games often expose to much violence. Two years ago in the USA, for example, a student shot his teacher and some of his friends. Newspaper said that the boy was deeply influenced by the actions in the video games he used to play with.

            It is obvious that video games have more disadvantages than advantages. Therefore, parents should be very careful in selecting the appropriate games for theirs children.
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The Minangkabau house

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         The Minangkabau house is the most striking, beautiful and distinctive in Indonesia. The house itself is built on piles and has an oblong shape. The saddle backed roof is formed by a load-bearing ridge-beam artistically. Each roof section ends in a graceful horn-like which sweeps upward to a narrow point, sometimes twice as high as the center of the ridge.


     The back part of the family house is divided into small rooms. These are separated from one another by planks, bamboo or clothe and serve as sleeping quarter for the married and marriageable girls. The fore room contains a large fire place and serves as a communal family room. Often also slept in by children and unmarried.

     The space beneath the floor of the dwelling lodges the domestic stock consisting of buffaloes. Cows, chicken, and ducks.

     Externally, the house is decorated with rectangular panels covered with floral motifs which hide the abutments of the beams which are supporting the floor. In general, the building is made of wood and bamboo. Various sorts of leaves are used for roofing.

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Students First Days in School Need to Be Made Constructive

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  In the past days and weeks schools across Indonesia have been opening up their doors again to receive students entering the new school year. Naturally enough, this has been a time of many trials and tribulations as existing students join new classrooms and new students try to find their way around a new school.

     Such times would be difficult enough for even adults. In adult life we need time to adapt to new settings and find our footing and direction to settle in and come to terms with what lies ahead. This kind of experience, difficult enough in adulthood, can prove extremely challenging for the, as yet, still young and forming hearts and minds of school-age children.

       During the first days back at school great opportunities exist to try to develop a sense of community that will help students settle in and have a firm foundation on which to build their studies during the coming year. There are almost constant complaints that there is too much to study for school students and yet time is, every year, wasted on negative and useless orientation day pranks and fooling around. Surely, when time pressures are of such a concern and teachers complain that they have too much to teach from the curriculum, the first days of school would be a great time to help students prepare for the challenges ahead. Constructive team- building and guidance towards much needed study skills would serve these students far better than nonsense tasks and ridicule.

     Schools should design these days carefully and not let them be so negligently and dangerously wasted. The benefits of good early learning experiences can be considerable and the duty that schools should exercise to consider a child's psychological welfare really have to leave little room in the first days of school for such waste and ridiculousness.

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